Repopulating Microglia Promote Brain Repair in an IL-6-Dependent Manner

Transplant Rejection TLR Signals Promote IL-6/IL-17-Dependent

Type II Activation of Macrophages and Microglia by Immune Complexes Enhances Th17 Biasing in an IL-6-Independent Manner

Macrophages can be activated into several distinct activation states. One of these states, type II activation, has a regulatory phenotype characterized by decreased IL-12 and increased IL-10, and has been shown to bias naïve CD4+ T cells to a Th2 response. Microglia, the resident macrophage-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are important contributors to neuroinflammation and, thus...

IL-13 regulates Th17 secretion of IL-17A in an IL-10-dependent manner.

IL-13 is a central mediator of airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus expression, both hallmarks of asthma. IL-13 is found in the sputum of patients with asthma; therefore, IL-13 is an attractive drug target for treating asthma. We have shown previously that IL-13 inhibits Th17 cell production of IL-17A and IL-21 in vitro. Th17 cells are associated with autoimmune diseases, host immune responses,...

IL-12 and IL-18 down-regulate B cell migration in an Ly49D-dependent manner.

In order to complete their maturation and participate in the humoral immune response, immature B cells that leave the bone marrow are targeted to specific areas in the spleen, where they differentiate into mature cells. Previously, we showed that immature B cells actively down-regulate their integrin-mediated migration to LN or to sites of inflammation, enabling their targeting to the spleen. T...

P108: Microglia in Traumatic Brain Injury

Microglia is one of the first innate immune components. These cells account about 5 to 10% of the entire adult brain cells and are activated by trauma. Complex-mediated inflammatory responses occur through cellular and molecular events during and after the traumatic brain injury (TBI). In-lesion area astrocytes, microglia, and damaged neurons begin to secrete cytokines and chemokines. Microglia...